{"id":3128,"date":"2023-09-12T14:51:43","date_gmt":"2023-09-12T07:51:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/?p=3128"},"modified":"2023-09-12T15:07:10","modified_gmt":"2023-09-12T08:07:10","slug":"monoclonal-antibodies-hybridoma-technique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/en\/monoclonal-antibodies-hybridoma-technique\/","title":{"rendered":"Introduction of Monoclonal antibodies production using Hybridoma technique"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1975, K\u00f6hler and Milstein discovered the <strong>hybridoma technique<\/strong> to generate monoclonal antibodies. Hybridoma cells are formed by fusing a <em>short-lived antibody-producing B cell<\/em> with an <em>immortal myeloma cell<\/em>. The immunized animal-derived spleen cells are the source of B cells and the mouse\/rat-derived myeloma cell lines are used as fusion parents. In vitro experiments, these two cells have the properties necessary for a successful hybridoma cell. The B cells will provide the functional immunoglobulin genes specific to one antigenic epitope, and the myeloma cells possess growth properties, rapidly dividing and lacking the salvage pathway of DNA synthesis. Finally, hybridoma cells could secrete monoclonal antibodies and could be established routinely.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id3128_2b9c78-23 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id3128_2b9c78-23 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id3128_2b9c78-23 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id3128_2b9c78-23 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id3128_2b9c78-23 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id3128_2b9c78-23 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id3128_2b9c78-23 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column3128_707667-d8 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column3128_707667-d8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column3128_707667-d8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column3128_707667-d8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column3128_707667-d8 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column3128_707667-d8 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column3128_707667-d8{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column3128_707667-d8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column3128_707667-d8 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column3128_707667-d8\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery.kb-gallery-wrap-id-3128_19b27e-c5{overflow:hidden;}.kb-gallery-id-3128_19b27e-c5 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kb-gal-image-radius, .kb-gallery-id-3128_19b27e-c5 .kb-slide-item .kb-gal-image-radius img{border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;;}.kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom.kb-gallery-id-3128_19b27e-c5 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption, .kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover.kb-gallery-id-3128_19b27e-c5 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption{background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%);}.kb-gallery-wrap-id-3128_19b27e-c5.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{overflow:visible;}.kb-gallery-wrap-id-3128_19b27e-c5.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery .kt-blocks-carousel{overflow:visible;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-3128_19b27e-c5 alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-carousel kb-gallery-id-3128_19b27e-c5 kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-whiteondark kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-columns-xxl=\"2\" data-columns-xl=\"2\" data-columns-md=\"2\" data-columns-sm=\"2\" data-columns-xs=\"1\" data-columns-ss=\"1\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-slider-gap=\"10px\" data-slider-gap-tablet=\"10px\" data-slider-gap-mobile=\"10px\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\" data-slider-label=\"Photo Gallery Carousel\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-gallery-carousel splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Hybrid-monoclonal-ab-01-12.jpg\" data-description=\"Figure 1 In vitro experiments to scale up and culture the hybridoma cells \" data-alt=\"In vitro experiments to scale up and culture the hybridoma cells\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-land43 kb-has-image-ratio-land43\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Hybrid-monoclonal-ab-01-12.jpg\" width=\"873\" height=\"959\" alt=\"In vitro experiments to scale up and culture the hybridoma cells\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Hybrid-monoclonal-ab-01-12.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Hybrid-monoclonal-ab-01-12.jpg\" data-id=\"3178\" class=\"wp-image-3178 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Hybrid-monoclonal-ab-01-12.jpg 873w, https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Hybrid-monoclonal-ab-01-12-273x300.jpg 273w, https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Hybrid-monoclonal-ab-01-12-768x844.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 873px) 100vw, 873px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Figure 1 In vitro experiments to scale up and culture the hybridoma cells <\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Hybrid-monoclonal-ab-02-6.jpg\" data-description=\"Figure 2 In vitro experiments to scale up and culture the hybridoma cells \" data-alt=\"In vitro experiments to scale up and culture the hybridoma cells\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-land43 kb-has-image-ratio-land43\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Hybrid-monoclonal-ab-02-6-1024x829.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"829\" alt=\"In vitro experiments to scale up and culture the hybridoma cells\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Hybrid-monoclonal-ab-02-6.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Hybrid-monoclonal-ab-02-6.jpg\" data-id=\"3181\" class=\"wp-image-3181 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Hybrid-monoclonal-ab-02-6-1024x829.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Hybrid-monoclonal-ab-02-6-300x243.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Hybrid-monoclonal-ab-02-6-768x622.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Hybrid-monoclonal-ab-02-6.jpg 1220w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Figure 2 In vitro experiments to scale up and culture the hybridoma cells <\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3128_300eb9-58, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3128_300eb9-58[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3128_300eb9-58\"]{text-align:center;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3128_300eb9-58 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3128_300eb9-58[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3128_300eb9-58\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3128_300eb9-58 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3128_300eb9-58[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3128_300eb9-58\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading3128_300eb9-58 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3128_300eb9-58\">Figure 1, 2 <em>In vitro <\/em>experiments to scale up and culture the hybridoma cells.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At present, hybridoma technology remains the primary discovery platform preferred by in vivo scientists. The hybridoma cells-derived monoclonal antibodies not only provide a basic understanding of science but also an advantage in vivo research, diagnostic tests, and therapy. The application of hybridoma cells-derived monoclonal antibodies is widespread in humans. For example, the use of monoclonal antibodies in therapy for emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases i.e., Rabies, Ebola, and COVID-19. The use of monoclonal antibodies in diagnostic tests against various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria (mainly intracellular), fungi, and parasites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In contrast to humans, the application of monoclonal antibodies in animals mainly focused on diagnostic tests rather than prophylaxis or treatment. In animals, the use of monoclonal antibodies to detect antigens and antibodies of microbial diseases by using different techniques such as western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence test, immunohistochemistry, and immunochromatography. For example, bacterial diseases (i.e., anthrax, brucellosis, paratuberculosis, leptospirosis, clostridial diseases, etc.); fungal diseases (i.e., aspergillosis, candidiasis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, etc.); viral diseases (i.e., foot-and-mouth disease, rabies, Hendra virus, Nipah virus, etc.); and parasitic diseases (i.e., trichinellosis, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, etc.) have been demonstrated. In addition, the further development of monoclonal antibodies to identify novel biomarkers may be helpful for antibody-based therapy for animal diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d-\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d-\u0e07\"><strong>Reference<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kohler G and Milstein C. Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature. 1975, 256, 495-497.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deb R, Chakraborty S, Veeregowda B, Verma AK, Tiwari R, Dhama K. Monoclonal antibody and its use in the diagnosis of livestock diseases. Adv. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2013, 4, 50-62.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holzl\u00f6hner P and Hanack K. Generation of Murine Monoclonal Antibodies by Hybridoma Technology. J. Vis. Exp. 2017, 119, 54832.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The basic concept of the Hybridoma technique that used to generate monoclonal antibodies<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3181,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[134],"tags":[136],"class_list":["post-3128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-disease-surveillance-en","tag-monoclonal-antibody-en"],"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Hybrid-monoclonal-ab-02-6.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3128"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3128\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3192,"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3128\/revisions\/3192"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3181"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}