{"id":3994,"date":"2026-09-16T16:20:32","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T09:20:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/?p=3994"},"modified":"2026-09-16T16:44:43","modified_gmt":"2026-09-16T09:44:43","slug":"ahs-isolation-cell-culture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/en\/ahs-isolation-cell-culture\/","title":{"rendered":"African horse sickness virus isolation by using cell culture"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_4940a6-92, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_4940a6-92[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_4940a6-92\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_4940a6-92 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_4940a6-92[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_4940a6-92\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_4940a6-92 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_4940a6-92[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_4940a6-92\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading3994_4940a6-92 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_4940a6-92\">African horse sickness (AHS) is a viral disease affecting equids, with mortality rates reaching 90% in naive horse populations (King et al, 2020). The causative agent, African horse sickness virus (AHSV), belongs to the genus <em>Orbivirus<\/em> within the family <em>Sedoreoviridae<\/em> (Weyer, 2022). AHS was confirmed in horses in Thailand during March 2020. The virus belongs to serotype 1 and is phylogenetically closely related to isolates from South Africa. This represents the first incidence of AHS in Southeast Asia and the first detection of serotype 1 outside Africa (King et al., 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_1c2d1b-0d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_1c2d1b-0d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_1c2d1b-0d\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_1c2d1b-0d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_1c2d1b-0d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_1c2d1b-0d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_1c2d1b-0d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_1c2d1b-0d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_1c2d1b-0d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading3994_1c2d1b-0d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_1c2d1b-0d\">Regarding agent identification, it is particularly important to perform virus isolation and serotyping whenever AHS outbreaks occur outside enzootic regions to ensure the selection of a homologous vaccine serotype. AHSV can be isolated from whole blood collected during the early febrile stage (WOAH, 2019). Post-mortem tissue samples used for virus isolation typically include the spleen, lung, and lymph nodes collected during necropsy (WOAH, 2019; Zeleke, 2005).<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_d71aab-10, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_d71aab-10[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_d71aab-10\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_d71aab-10 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_d71aab-10[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_d71aab-10\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_d71aab-10 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_d71aab-10[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_d71aab-10\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading3994_d71aab-10 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_d71aab-10\">For virus isolation, sample preparations can be inoculated into mammalian cell lines\u2014such as baby hamster kidney (BHK-21), monkey stable (MS), and African green monkey kidney (Vero)\u2014as well as Culicoides or mosquito insect cell lines. Alternatively, samples may be inoculated intravenously into embryonated chicken eggs (WOAH, 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_2a8f95-76, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_2a8f95-76[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_2a8f95-76\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_2a8f95-76 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_2a8f95-76[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_2a8f95-76\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_2a8f95-76 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_2a8f95-76[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_2a8f95-76\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading3994_2a8f95-76 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_2a8f95-76\">Virus isolation was performed using BHK-21 (CLS C-13), Vero (ATCC CCL-81), and Aedes albopictus clone C6\/36 (ATCC CRL-1660) cell lines. Undiluted blood samples, collected in EDTA from horse farms in Thailand in March 2020, served as the inoculum after testing positive for AHS by RT-PCR.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_40b34a-65, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_40b34a-65[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_40b34a-65\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_40b34a-65 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_40b34a-65[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_40b34a-65\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_40b34a-65 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_40b34a-65[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_40b34a-65\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading3994_40b34a-65 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_40b34a-65\">Confluent Vero, BHK-21, and Aedes albopictus clone C6\/36 cells seeded in 12-well plates were inoculated with 100 \u00b5L of each blood sample. The Vero and BHK-21 plates were incubated at 37\u00b0C with 5% CO\u2082, while the C6\/36 plates were incubated at 27\u00b0C with 3% CO\u2082 for 3\u20134 days. Upon observation of cytopathic effects (CPEs) or at the end of the incubation period, supernatants were harvested for blind passage. The harvested supernatants were then inoculated into newly prepared cell monolayers for a second passage. This blind passage protocol was continued for up to five passages in Vero cells (Figure 1) and BHK-21 cells (Figure 2), and four passages in C6\/36 cells. Finally, the viral supernatants were harvested and analyzed via RT-PCR for diagnostic confirmation. The test results confirmed that the C6\/36 cells were positive for AHSV.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id3994_7846d0-d9 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id3994_7846d0-d9 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id3994_7846d0-d9 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id3994_7846d0-d9 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id3994_7846d0-d9 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id3994_7846d0-d9 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id3994_7846d0-d9 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column3994_0b209d-a5 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column3994_0b209d-a5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column3994_0b209d-a5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column3994_0b209d-a5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column3994_0b209d-a5 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column3994_0b209d-a5 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column3994_0b209d-a5{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column3994_0b209d-a5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column3994_0b209d-a5 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column3994_0b209d-a5\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-gallery-id-3994_f0b070-a4 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kb-gal-image-radius, .kb-gallery-id-3994_f0b070-a4 .kb-slide-item .kb-gal-image-radius img{border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;;}.kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom.kb-gallery-id-3994_f0b070-a4 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption, .kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover.kb-gallery-id-3994_f0b070-a4 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption{background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%);}.kb-gallery-wrap-id-3994_f0b070-a4.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{overflow:visible;}.kb-gallery-wrap-id-3994_f0b070-a4.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery .kt-blocks-carousel{overflow:visible;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-3994_f0b070-a4 alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-slider kb-gallery-id-3994_f0b070-a4 kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-none kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"false\" data-slider-fade=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-type=\"slider\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-slider splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-culture-AHS-1.png\" data-description=\"Figure 1 Morphological appearance of Vero cells under an inverted microscope. \" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-land21 kb-has-image-ratio-land21\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-culture-AHS-1.png\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-culture-AHS-1.png\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-culture-AHS-1.png\" data-id=\"3995\" class=\"wp-image-3995 skip-lazy\"\/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Figure 1 Morphological appearance of Vero cells under an inverted microscope. <\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_016ae2-4b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_016ae2-4b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_016ae2-4b\"]{text-align:center;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_016ae2-4b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_016ae2-4b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_016ae2-4b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_016ae2-4b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_016ae2-4b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_016ae2-4b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading3994_016ae2-4b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_016ae2-4b\"><strong>Figure 1 <\/strong>Morphological appearance of Vero cells under an inverted microscope. <br>(a) Vero cell control (10\u00d7). (b) AHSV-infected Vero cells at passage 5 (20\u00d7).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id3994_d9ce42-e0 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id3994_d9ce42-e0 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id3994_d9ce42-e0 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id3994_d9ce42-e0 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id3994_d9ce42-e0 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id3994_d9ce42-e0 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id3994_d9ce42-e0 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column3994_de331d-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column3994_de331d-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column3994_de331d-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column3994_de331d-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column3994_de331d-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column3994_de331d-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column3994_de331d-2a{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column3994_de331d-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column3994_de331d-2a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column3994_de331d-2a\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-gallery-id-3994_5cd82e-74 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kb-gal-image-radius, .kb-gallery-id-3994_5cd82e-74 .kb-slide-item .kb-gal-image-radius img{border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;;}.kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom.kb-gallery-id-3994_5cd82e-74 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption, .kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover.kb-gallery-id-3994_5cd82e-74 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption{background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%);}.kb-gallery-wrap-id-3994_5cd82e-74.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{overflow:visible;}.kb-gallery-wrap-id-3994_5cd82e-74.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery .kt-blocks-carousel{overflow:visible;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-3994_5cd82e-74 alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-slider kb-gallery-id-3994_5cd82e-74 kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-none kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"false\" data-slider-fade=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-type=\"slider\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-slider splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-culture-AHS-2.png\" data-description=\"Figure 2 Morphological appearance of BHK-21 cells under an inverted microscope. \" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-land21 kb-has-image-ratio-land21\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-culture-AHS-2.png\" width=\"1783\" height=\"1003\" alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-culture-AHS-2.png\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-culture-AHS-2.png\" data-id=\"3996\" class=\"wp-image-3996 skip-lazy\"\/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Figure 2 Morphological appearance of BHK-21 cells under an inverted microscope. <\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_a95c99-e1, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_a95c99-e1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_a95c99-e1\"]{text-align:center;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_a95c99-e1 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_a95c99-e1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_a95c99-e1\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_a95c99-e1 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_a95c99-e1[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_a95c99-e1\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading3994_a95c99-e1 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_a95c99-e1\"><strong>Figure 2<\/strong> Morphological appearance of BHK-21 cells under an inverted microscope. <br>(a) BHK-21 cell control (10\u00d7). (b) AHSV-infected BHK-21 cells at passage 5 (20\u00d7).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id3994_453dab-70 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id3994_453dab-70 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id3994_453dab-70 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id3994_453dab-70 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id3994_453dab-70 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id3994_453dab-70 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id3994_453dab-70 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column3994_35259a-5f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column3994_35259a-5f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column3994_35259a-5f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column3994_35259a-5f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column3994_35259a-5f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column3994_35259a-5f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column3994_35259a-5f{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column3994_35259a-5f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column3994_35259a-5f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column3994_35259a-5f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-gallery-id-3994_c69c6a-79 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kb-gal-image-radius, .kb-gallery-id-3994_c69c6a-79 .kb-slide-item .kb-gal-image-radius img{border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;;}.kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom.kb-gallery-id-3994_c69c6a-79 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption, .kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover.kb-gallery-id-3994_c69c6a-79 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption{background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%);}.kb-gallery-wrap-id-3994_c69c6a-79.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{overflow:visible;}.kb-gallery-wrap-id-3994_c69c6a-79.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery .kt-blocks-carousel{overflow:visible;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-3994_c69c6a-79 alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-slider kb-gallery-id-3994_c69c6a-79 kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-none kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"false\" data-slider-fade=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-type=\"slider\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-slider splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-culture-AHS-3.png\" data-description=\"Figure 3 Morphological appearance of Aedes albopictus clone C6\/36 cells under an inverted microscope.\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-land21 kb-has-image-ratio-land21\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-culture-AHS-3.png\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-culture-AHS-3.png\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-culture-AHS-3.png\" data-id=\"3997\" class=\"wp-image-3997 skip-lazy\"\/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Figure 3 Morphological appearance of Aedes albopictus clone C6\/36 cells under an inverted microscope.<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_418659-52, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_418659-52[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_418659-52\"]{text-align:center;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_418659-52 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_418659-52[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_418659-52\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_418659-52 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_418659-52[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_418659-52\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading3994_418659-52 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_418659-52\"><strong>Figure 3<\/strong> Morphological appearance of Aedes albopictus clone C6\/36 cells under an inverted microscope. <br>(a) Aedes albopictus clone C6\/36 cell control (10\u00d7). (b) AHSV-infected Aedes albopictus clone C6\/36 cells at passage 4 (20\u00d7).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_81518f-fc, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_81518f-fc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_81518f-fc\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_81518f-fc mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_81518f-fc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_81518f-fc\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_81518f-fc img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_81518f-fc[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_81518f-fc\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading3994_81518f-fc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_81518f-fc\">Although AHSV isolation in Aedes albopictus clone C6\/36 cells did not produce any CPE (Figure 3), the virus remained active. We harvested the supernatant from C6\/36 passage 4 and inoculated it into new Vero and BHK-21 cells. While continuing cultivation for 5 passages, we observed clear CPEs in BHK-21 cells (Figure 5) but not in Vero cells (Figure 4). The complete results for AHSV isolation in cell culture are summarized in Table 1.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id3994_f90789-15 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id3994_f90789-15 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id3994_f90789-15 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id3994_f90789-15 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id3994_f90789-15 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id3994_f90789-15 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id3994_f90789-15 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column3994_c8fe0f-90 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column3994_c8fe0f-90 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column3994_c8fe0f-90 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column3994_c8fe0f-90 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column3994_c8fe0f-90 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column3994_c8fe0f-90 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column3994_c8fe0f-90{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column3994_c8fe0f-90 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column3994_c8fe0f-90 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column3994_c8fe0f-90\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-gallery-id-3994_888aa6-f9 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kb-gal-image-radius, .kb-gallery-id-3994_888aa6-f9 .kb-slide-item .kb-gal-image-radius img{border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;;}.kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom.kb-gallery-id-3994_888aa6-f9 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption, .kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover.kb-gallery-id-3994_888aa6-f9 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption{background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%);}.kb-gallery-wrap-id-3994_888aa6-f9.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{overflow:visible;}.kb-gallery-wrap-id-3994_888aa6-f9.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery .kt-blocks-carousel{overflow:visible;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-3994_888aa6-f9 alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-slider kb-gallery-id-3994_888aa6-f9 kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-none kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"false\" data-slider-fade=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-type=\"slider\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-slider splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-culture-AHS-4.png\" data-description=\"Figure 4 Morphological appearance of Vero cells under an inverted microscope.\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-land21 kb-has-image-ratio-land21\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-culture-AHS-4.png\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-culture-AHS-4.png\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-culture-AHS-4.png\" data-id=\"3998\" class=\"wp-image-3998 skip-lazy\"\/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Figure 4 Morphological appearance of Vero cells under an inverted microscope.<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_7d8cb3-c4, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_7d8cb3-c4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_7d8cb3-c4\"]{text-align:center;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_7d8cb3-c4 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_7d8cb3-c4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_7d8cb3-c4\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_7d8cb3-c4 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_7d8cb3-c4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_7d8cb3-c4\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading3994_7d8cb3-c4 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_7d8cb3-c4\"><strong>Figure 4<\/strong> Morphological appearance of Vero cells under an inverted microscope. <br>(a) Vero cell control (20\u00d7). (b) Vero cells inoculated with passage 4 supernatant from C6\/36 cells, imaged at passage 5 (20\u00d7).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_55a628-ef, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_55a628-ef[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_55a628-ef\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_55a628-ef mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_55a628-ef[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_55a628-ef\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_55a628-ef img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_55a628-ef[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_55a628-ef\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading3994_55a628-ef wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_55a628-ef\"><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id3994_90d7b0-86 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id3994_90d7b0-86 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id3994_90d7b0-86 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id3994_90d7b0-86 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id3994_90d7b0-86 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id3994_90d7b0-86 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id3994_90d7b0-86 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column3994_c10d12-6e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column3994_c10d12-6e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column3994_c10d12-6e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column3994_c10d12-6e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column3994_c10d12-6e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column3994_c10d12-6e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column3994_c10d12-6e{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column3994_c10d12-6e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column3994_c10d12-6e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column3994_c10d12-6e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-gallery-id-3994_838ce3-23 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kb-gal-image-radius, .kb-gallery-id-3994_838ce3-23 .kb-slide-item .kb-gal-image-radius img{border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;;}.kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom.kb-gallery-id-3994_838ce3-23 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption, .kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover.kb-gallery-id-3994_838ce3-23 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption{background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%);}.kb-gallery-wrap-id-3994_838ce3-23.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{overflow:visible;}.kb-gallery-wrap-id-3994_838ce3-23.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery .kt-blocks-carousel{overflow:visible;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-3994_838ce3-23 alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-slider kb-gallery-id-3994_838ce3-23 kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-none kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"false\" data-slider-fade=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-type=\"slider\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-slider splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-culture-AHS-5.png\" data-description=\"Figure 5 Morphological appearance of BHK-21 cells under an inverted microscope. \" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-land21 kb-has-image-ratio-land21\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-culture-AHS-5.png\" width=\"1783\" height=\"1003\" alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-culture-AHS-5.png\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-culture-AHS-5.png\" data-id=\"3999\" class=\"wp-image-3999 skip-lazy\"\/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">Figure 5 Morphological appearance of BHK-21 cells under an inverted microscope. <\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_64e29f-82, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_64e29f-82[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_64e29f-82\"]{text-align:center;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_64e29f-82 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_64e29f-82[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_64e29f-82\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_64e29f-82 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_64e29f-82[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_64e29f-82\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading3994_64e29f-82 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_64e29f-82\"><strong>Figure 5<\/strong> Morphological appearance of BHK-21 cells under an inverted microscope. <br>(a) BHK-21 cell control (20\u00d7). (b) BHK-21 cells inoculated with passage 4 supernatant from C6\/36 cells, imaged at passage 5 (20\u00d7).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id3994_03ec8b-db > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id3994_03ec8b-db > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id3994_03ec8b-db > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id3994_03ec8b-db > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id3994_03ec8b-db > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id3994_03ec8b-db > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id3994_03ec8b-db alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column3994_247388-19 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column3994_247388-19 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column3994_247388-19 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column3994_247388-19 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column3994_247388-19 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column3994_247388-19 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column3994_247388-19{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column3994_247388-19 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column3994_247388-19 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column3994_247388-19\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-gallery-id-3994_5e96ee-5c .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kb-gal-image-radius, .kb-gallery-id-3994_5e96ee-5c .kb-slide-item .kb-gal-image-radius img{border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;;}.kb-gallery-wrap-id-3994_5e96ee-5c.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{overflow:visible;}.kb-gallery-wrap-id-3994_5e96ee-5c.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery .kt-blocks-carousel{overflow:visible;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-3994_5e96ee-5c alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-slider kb-gallery-id-3994_5e96ee-5c kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-none kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"false\" data-slider-fade=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-type=\"slider\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-slider splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-hide-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-AHS-6.png\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-land21 kb-has-image-ratio-land21\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-AHS-6.png\" width=\"4000\" height=\"2250\" alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-AHS-6.png\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Cell-AHS-6.png\" data-id=\"4001\" class=\"wp-image-4001 skip-lazy\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_c022a7-35, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_c022a7-35[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_c022a7-35\"]{text-align:center;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_c022a7-35 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_c022a7-35[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_c022a7-35\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_c022a7-35 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_c022a7-35[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_c022a7-35\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading3994_c022a7-35 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_c022a7-35\"><strong>Table 1<\/strong> Summary of the results of AHSV isolation in cell culture<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_ffc822-13, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_ffc822-13[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_ffc822-13\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_ffc822-13 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_ffc822-13[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_ffc822-13\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_ffc822-13 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_ffc822-13[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_ffc822-13\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading3994_ffc822-13 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_ffc822-13\"><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_126305-49, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_126305-49[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_126305-49\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_126305-49 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_126305-49[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_126305-49\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_126305-49 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_126305-49[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_126305-49\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading3994_126305-49 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_126305-49\">To optimize AHSV isolation, selecting an appropriate host cell line is critical for maximizing diagnostic sensitivity. Furthermore, sample integrity depends heavily on temperature management; specimens must be maintained at 2\u20138\u00b0C and transported to the laboratory immediately. Maintaining a cold chain throughout sample preparation and ensuring rapid host inoculation are vital. Samples intended for live virus isolation should not be frozen, as freeze-thaw cycles can significantly reduce viral viability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_347373-34, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_347373-34[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_347373-34\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_347373-34 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_347373-34[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_347373-34\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_347373-34 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_347373-34[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_347373-34\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading3994_347373-34 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_347373-34\">Reference<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_46aace-64, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_46aace-64[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_46aace-64\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_46aace-64 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_46aace-64[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_46aace-64\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_46aace-64 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_46aace-64[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_46aace-64\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading3994_46aace-64 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_46aace-64\">King S, Rajko-Nenow P, Ashby M, Frost L, Carpenter S, Batten C. Outbreak of African horse sickness in Thailand 2020. Transboundary and emerging diseases 2020; 67: Pages i-viii, 1751-2267. <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/epdf\/10.1111\/tbed.13701\">https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/epdf\/10.1111\/tbed.13701<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_883550-f9, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_883550-f9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_883550-f9\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_883550-f9 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_883550-f9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_883550-f9\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_883550-f9 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_883550-f9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_883550-f9\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading3994_883550-f9 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_883550-f9\">Zeleke A, Sori T, Powel K, Gerbre-Ab F, Endebu B. Isolation and Identification of Circulating Serotypes of African Horse Sickness Virus in Ethiopia. The journal of applied research in veterinary medicine 2005; 3: 41-3.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_be0472-80, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_be0472-80[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_be0472-80\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_be0472-80 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_be0472-80[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_be0472-80\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_be0472-80 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_be0472-80[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_be0472-80\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading3994_be0472-80 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_be0472-80\">Weyer C. African Horse Sickness \u2013 Generalized Conditions. MSD manual veterinary manual professional version. 2022. https:\/\/www.msdvetmanual.com\/generalized-conditions\/african-horse-sickness\/african-horse-sickness#<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_d49b3c-5e, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_d49b3c-5e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_d49b3c-5e\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_d49b3c-5e mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_d49b3c-5e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_d49b3c-5e\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_d49b3c-5e img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading3994_d49b3c-5e[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_d49b3c-5e\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading3994_d49b3c-5e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading3994_d49b3c-5e\">World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH). African horse sickness (infection with African horse sickness virus). WOAH Terrestrial Manual 2019; Chapter 3.6.1: 1-17.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>African horse sickness (AHS) is a viral disease affecti [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4005,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[134],"tags":[275,277,280,272],"class_list":["post-3994","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-disease-surveillance-en","tag-african-horse-sickness","tag-ahs","tag-cell-culture-en","tag-viral-isolation"],"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/AHS-cell.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3994","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3994"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3994\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4010,"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3994\/revisions\/4010"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4005"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3994"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3994"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/mozwe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3994"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}