{"id":423,"date":"2024-04-24T10:20:36","date_gmt":"2024-04-24T03:20:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/?p=423"},"modified":"2024-05-24T00:58:05","modified_gmt":"2024-05-23T17:58:05","slug":"eehv-thailand","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/en\/eehv-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"EEHV Status in Thailand: The challenge of addressing the fatal disease in elephant conservation."},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_13a0fc-9b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_13a0fc-9b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_13a0fc-9b\"]{text-align:left;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_13a0fc-9b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_13a0fc-9b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_13a0fc-9b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_13a0fc-9b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_13a0fc-9b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_13a0fc-9b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h1 class=\"kt-adv-heading423_13a0fc-9b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_13a0fc-9b\">Information concerning EEHV<\/h1>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_287213-05, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_287213-05[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_287213-05\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_287213-05 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_287213-05[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_287213-05\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_287213-05 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_287213-05[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_287213-05\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading423_287213-05 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_287213-05\"><strong>The historical background of EEHV<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1988, a documented report recorded the demise of a juvenile Asian elephant in Switzerland as a result of Acute Hemorrhagic Disease. Following this, approximately 20 cases exhibiting similar symptoms were identified in other juvenile elephants across Europe and North America during the 1990s. Subsequently, in 1999, the first identification of the etiology was made in the United States of America, revealing a virus known as Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) as the causative agent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Thailand, the initial documentation of a juvenile Asian elephant&#8217;s demise due to symptoms associated with EEHV occurred in 2005. Five years thereafter, EEHV1A was discerned from cardiac tissue preserved through freezing. Subsequently, EEHV4 was detected in a three-year-old Asian elephant, marking the first such case reported in Asia and the second globally.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_d38449-70, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_d38449-70[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_d38449-70\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_d38449-70 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_d38449-70[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_d38449-70\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_d38449-70 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_d38449-70[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_d38449-70\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading423_d38449-70 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_d38449-70\"><strong>Know the causative agent&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus or EEHV, categorized within the Herpesviridae family, Betaherpesvirinae subfamily, <em>Proboscivirus<\/em> genus, and <em>Elephantid betaherpesvirus<\/em> species, is a double-stranded DNA virus responsible for acute, fatal hemorrhagic disease observed in both wild and captive juvenile (1 &#8211; 9 years old) Asian elephants (<em>Elephas maximus<\/em>) and African elephants (<em>Loxodonta africana<\/em>). This virus comprises eight genotypes, denoted as 1, 1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Among these, EEHV 1, 1A, 1B, 3, 4, and 5 are identified in Asian species.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-gallery-id-423_d6d6a0-37 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kb-gal-image-radius, .kb-gallery-id-423_d6d6a0-37 .kb-slide-item .kb-gal-image-radius img{border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;;}.kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom.kb-gallery-id-423_d6d6a0-37 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption, .kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover.kb-gallery-id-423_d6d6a0-37 .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption{background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%);}.kb-gallery-wrap-id-423_d6d6a0-37.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{overflow:visible;}.kb-gallery-wrap-id-423_d6d6a0-37.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery .kt-blocks-carousel{overflow:visible;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-423_d6d6a0-37 alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-slider kb-gallery-id-423_d6d6a0-37 kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover kb-gallery-filter-none\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-none kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"false\" data-slider-fade=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-type=\"slider\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-blocks-slider splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-slide-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-land32 kb-has-image-ratio-land32\" ><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Thailand-NWHC-EEHV-Strain.jpg?resize=750%2C422&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"750\" height=\"422\" alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Thailand-NWHC-EEHV-Strain-scaled.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Thailand-NWHC-EEHV-Strain-scaled.jpg\" data-id=\"443\" class=\"wp-image-443 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Thailand-NWHC-EEHV-Strain-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Thailand-NWHC-EEHV-Strain-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Thailand-NWHC-EEHV-Strain-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Thailand-NWHC-EEHV-Strain-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Thailand-NWHC-EEHV-Strain-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Thailand-NWHC-EEHV-Strain-scaled.jpg?w=2250&amp;ssl=1 2250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">EEHV Strains affected African and Asian elephant<\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_0eaf02-4f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_0eaf02-4f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_0eaf02-4f\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_0eaf02-4f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_0eaf02-4f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_0eaf02-4f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_0eaf02-4f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_0eaf02-4f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_0eaf02-4f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading423_0eaf02-4f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_0eaf02-4f\"><strong>Transmission of EEHV&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">EEHV primarily spreads through direct contact with the body fluids of infected elephants, including mucosal secretions such as saliva, breast milk, nasal secretions, vaginal secretions, shedding from skin lesions, and trunk-to-trunk contacts. There have been no reports of virus transmission via semen. The potential for indirect transmission through fomites remains uncertain. Importantly, EEHV is not transmissible to humans or other animals.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_240c53-7c, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_240c53-7c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_240c53-7c\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_240c53-7c mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_240c53-7c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_240c53-7c\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_240c53-7c img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_240c53-7c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_240c53-7c\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading423_240c53-7c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_240c53-7c\"><strong>Clinical signs, symptoms, and post-mortem lesions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">EEHV affects the circulatory system in elephants by damaging endothelial tissue. EEHV hemorrhagic disease (EEHV-HD) manifests as an acute, fatal disease occurring within 2 to 4 days, with mortality rates reaching up to 85% in elephants. Clinical indicators are primarily nonspecific, encompassing lethargy, selective appetite or complete anorexia, pyrexia, reduced trunk movement, lameness or stiffness of legs, abnormal sleeping pattern, and tachycardia. Commonly observed symptoms include edema of the head, neck, trunk, and thoracic limbs. Cyanosis of the tongue tip progressing caudally, tongue hemorrhage, and oral ulcers are frequently noted. Additionally, acute skin nodules may appear throughout the trunk. Mild gastrointestinal signs may be present, such as abdominal distension, colic pain, and mild diarrhea or constipation. Furthermore, neurological symptoms such as staggering gait, drowsiness, unresponsiveness to commands, and ataxia due to intracranial bleeding or cerebral hypoxia may ensue, potentially leading to death within 24 &#8211; 48 hours. EEHV4 primarily affects the gastrointestinal system, leading to diarrhea or bloody diarrhea. Co-infection of EEHV1A and EEHV4 has been reported. Post-mortem examination revealed extensive petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages present in nearly all internal organs and tissues. Ulcerations are observed in the oral cavity, larynx, and large intestine, along with the presence of subacute myocarditis. Furthermore, histopathological analysis may reveal intranuclear inclusion bodies within the endothelial cell lining of visceral organs, particularly in the liver sinusoids and spleen.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id423_8dc5df-22 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id423_8dc5df-22 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id423_8dc5df-22 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id423_8dc5df-22 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id423_8dc5df-22 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id423_8dc5df-22 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id423_8dc5df-22 alignnone has-bg-2-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column423_d98925-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column423_d98925-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column423_d98925-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column423_d98925-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column423_d98925-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column423_d98925-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column423_d98925-ca{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column423_d98925-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column423_d98925-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column423_d98925-ca\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery.kb-gallery-wrap-id-423_95e839-4f{overflow:hidden;}.kb-gallery-id-423_95e839-4f .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kb-gal-image-radius, .kb-gallery-id-423_95e839-4f .kb-slide-item .kb-gal-image-radius img{border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;;}.kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom.kb-gallery-id-423_95e839-4f .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption, .kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover.kb-gallery-id-423_95e839-4f .kadence-blocks-gallery-item .kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner .kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption{background:linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%);}.kb-gallery-wrap-id-423_95e839-4f.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery{overflow:visible;}.kb-gallery-wrap-id-423_95e839-4f.wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery .kt-blocks-carousel{overflow:visible;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-gallery-wrap-id-423_95e839-4f alignnone wp-block-kadence-advancedgallery\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-ul kb-gallery-non-static kb-gallery-type-carousel kb-gallery-id-423_95e839-4f kb-gallery-caption-style-bottom-hover kb-gallery-filter-none kb-gallery-magnific-init\" data-image-filter=\"none\" data-lightbox-caption=\"true\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-carousel splide kt-carousel-container-dotstyle-dark kt-carousel-arrowstyle-whiteondark kt-carousel-dotstyle-dark kb-slider-group-arrow kb-slider-arrow-position-center\" data-columns-xxl=\"3\" data-columns-xl=\"3\" data-columns-md=\"3\" data-columns-sm=\"2\" data-columns-xs=\"1\" data-columns-ss=\"1\" data-slider-anim-speed=\"400\" data-slider-scroll=\"1\" data-slider-arrows=\"true\" data-slider-dots=\"true\" data-slider-hover-pause=\"false\" data-slider-auto=\"\" data-slider-speed=\"7000\" data-slider-gap=\"10px\" data-slider-gap-tablet=\"10px\" data-slider-gap-mobile=\"10px\" data-show-pause-button=\"false\" data-slider-label=\"Photo Gallery Carousel\"><div class=\"splide__track\"><ul class=\"kt-blocks-carousel-init kb-gallery-carousel splide__list\"><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-6.jpg?ssl=1\" data-description=\"EEHV-infected elephant with edema at face, trunk, and neck - Photo credit: Benjatham Thaitham\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-square kb-has-image-ratio-square\" ><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-6.jpg?resize=750%2C1000&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"750\" height=\"1000\" alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-6.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-6.jpg\" data-id=\"435\" class=\"wp-image-435 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-6.jpg?resize=768%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-6.jpg?resize=225%2C300&amp;ssl=1 225w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-6.jpg?w=1108&amp;ssl=1 1108w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">EEHV-infected elephant with edema at face, trunk, and neck &#8211; Photo credit: Benjatham Thaitham<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-1-scaled.jpg?ssl=1\" data-description=\"EEHV-infected elephant with lesion of tongue hemorrhage and cyanosis, and oral ulcer - Photo credit: Benjatham Thaitham\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-square kb-has-image-ratio-square\" ><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-1.jpg?resize=750%2C563&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"750\" height=\"563\" alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-1-scaled.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-1-scaled.jpg\" data-id=\"430\" class=\"wp-image-430 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-1-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-1-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-1-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-1-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-1-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-1-scaled.jpg?w=2250&amp;ssl=1 2250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">EEHV-infected elephant with lesion of tongue hemorrhage and cyanosis, and oral ulcer &#8211; Photo credit: Benjatham Thaitham<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-2-scaled.jpg?ssl=1\" data-description=\"EEHV-infected elephant with lesion of tongue hemorrhage and cyanosis, and oral ulcer - Photo credit: Benjatham Thaitham\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-square kb-has-image-ratio-square\" ><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-2.jpg?resize=750%2C563&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"750\" height=\"563\" alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-2-scaled.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-2-scaled.jpg\" data-id=\"431\" class=\"wp-image-431 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-2-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-2-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-2-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-2-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-2-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-2-scaled.jpg?w=2250&amp;ssl=1 2250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">EEHV-infected elephant with lesion of tongue hemorrhage and cyanosis, and oral ulcer &#8211; Photo credit: Benjatham Thaitham<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-3-scaled.jpg?ssl=1\" data-description=\"EEHV-infected elephant with lesion of tongue hemorrhage and cyanosis, and oral ulcer - Photo credit: Benjatham Thaitham\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-square kb-has-image-ratio-square\" ><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-3.jpg?resize=750%2C563&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"750\" height=\"563\" alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-3-scaled.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-3-scaled.jpg\" data-id=\"432\" class=\"wp-image-432 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-3-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-3-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-3-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-3-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-3-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-3-scaled.jpg?w=2250&amp;ssl=1 2250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">EEHV-infected elephant with lesion of tongue hemorrhage and cyanosis, and oral ulcer &#8211; Photo credit: Benjatham Thaitham<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-4-scaled.jpg?ssl=1\" data-description=\"EEHV-infected elephant with lesion of tongue hemorrhage and cyanosis, and oral ulcer - Photo credit: Benjatham Thaitham\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-square kb-has-image-ratio-square\" ><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-4.jpg?resize=750%2C563&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"750\" height=\"563\" alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-4-scaled.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-4-scaled.jpg\" data-id=\"433\" class=\"wp-image-433 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-4-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-4-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-4-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-4-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-4-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-4-scaled.jpg?w=2250&amp;ssl=1 2250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">EEHV-infected elephant with lesion of tongue hemorrhage and cyanosis, and oral ulcer &#8211; Photo credit: Benjatham Thaitham<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><li class=\"kb-slide-item kb-gallery-carousel-item splide__slide\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item\"><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item-inner\"><figure class=\"kb-gallery-figure kb-gallery-item-has-link kadence-blocks-gallery-item-has-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-5-scaled.jpg?ssl=1\" data-description=\"EEHV-infected elephant with lesion of tongue hemorrhage and cyanosis, and oral ulcer - Photo credit: Benjatham Thaitham\" class=\"kb-gallery-item-link\"   role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><div class=\"kb-gal-image-radius\"><div class=\"kb-gallery-image-contain kadence-blocks-gallery-intrinsic kb-gallery-image-ratio-square kb-has-image-ratio-square\" ><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-5.jpg?resize=750%2C563&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"750\" height=\"563\" alt=\"\" data-full-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-5-scaled.jpg\" data-light-image=\"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-5-scaled.jpg\" data-id=\"434\" class=\"wp-image-434 skip-lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-5-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-5-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-5-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-5-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-5-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-5-scaled.jpg?w=2250&amp;ssl=1 2250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/div><div class=\"kadence-blocks-gallery-item__caption\">EEHV-infected elephant with lesion of tongue hemorrhage and cyanosis, and oral ulcer &#8211; Photo credit: Benjatham Thaitham<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_353f93-9c, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_353f93-9c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_353f93-9c\"]{text-align:center;font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-sm, 0.9rem);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-family:Sarabun;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_353f93-9c mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_353f93-9c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_353f93-9c\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_353f93-9c img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_353f93-9c[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_353f93-9c\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading423_353f93-9c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_353f93-9c\">Lesions from EEHV-infected elephant<br>Photo credit: Benjatham Thaitham<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_3b163a-f7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_3b163a-f7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_3b163a-f7\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_3b163a-f7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_3b163a-f7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_3b163a-f7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_3b163a-f7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_3b163a-f7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_3b163a-f7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading423_3b163a-f7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_3b163a-f7\"><strong>Diagnostic tools&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The initial diagnosis of EEHV relies on clinical signs and hematological parameters, particularly thrombocytopenia, which serves as a predictive marker for acute fatal EEHV-HD. Laboratory confirmation can be conducted through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) detection. This method utilizes samples such as whole blood, feces, nasal\/saliva\/oral swabs, and frozen tissues from the heart, lung, spleen, liver, kidney, tongue, and intestine. Furthermore, serological analysis techniques such as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) can be employed to identify elephants that have been exposed to the virus.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_c93561-a4, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_c93561-a4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_c93561-a4\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_c93561-a4 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_c93561-a4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_c93561-a4\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_c93561-a4 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_c93561-a4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_c93561-a4\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading423_c93561-a4 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_c93561-a4\"><strong>Prevention and control<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">EEHV lacks a vaccination, and its treatment is contingent upon symptomatology. Elephants identified as carriers of EEHV typically do not require isolation from other elephants, as most elephants carry the virus without displaying symptoms. Furthermore, the majority of cases of EEHV-HD have been sporadic. To mitigate predisposing factors, it is advisable to avoid all forms of physical, emotional, and other stresses on the elephants. Strict healthcare and management protocols should be followed, including training younger calves to accept handling by the veterinary team for blood sample collection and drug administration. Additionally, close monitoring of behavioral changes should be implemented, coupled with periodic blood monitoring at intervals of 1 to 2 weeks. This protocol is necessitated by the ability of the virus to be detected in the bloodstream via PCR methodology, notably up to 10 &#8211; 14 days preceding the manifestation of outward symptoms indicative of EEHV-HD. Additionally, consistent oral administration of Vitamin C supplementation can be utilized to augment immune system functionality.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-423_b74658-5d .kt-block-spacer{height:60px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-423_b74658-5d .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-423_b74658-5d\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><hr class=\"kt-divider\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_1b5113-d3, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_1b5113-d3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_1b5113-d3\"]{text-align:left;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_1b5113-d3 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_1b5113-d3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_1b5113-d3\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_1b5113-d3 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_1b5113-d3[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_1b5113-d3\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h1 class=\"kt-adv-heading423_1b5113-d3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_1b5113-d3\"><strong>EEHV in Thailand<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Thailand, a number of cases of EEHV exhibiting symptoms have been documented by the &#8216;EEHV Task Force Thailand&#8217;, totaling 128 cases spanning from 2006 to 2023. These cases involved 85 fatalities and 43 instances of recovery, resulting in a mortality rate of 66.4%. The predominant genotype identified among these cases is EEHV1A. (updated 13th March, 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prompiram et al. (2021) conducted a study to investigate the occurrence of EEHV in both captive and wild Asian elephants in Thailand. Data collected and analyzed between 2000 and 2020 revealed an overall incidence of EEHV of 40.1% (n=65\/162). Among deceased elephants, approximately 46.2% (n=12\/26) tested positive for EEHV by PCR, while 85.7% (n=6\/7) of sick elephants were similarly identified. Furthermore, 48.4% (n=44\/91) of apparently healthy elephants demonstrated EEHV seropositivity (ELISA-positive), indicating prior infections. Notably, 30% (n=3\/10) of deceased wild elephants were found to have been infected with EEHV. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in EEHV detection rates across various age groups or sexes.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-423_0d9f8f-f4 .kt-block-spacer{height:60px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-423_0d9f8f-f4 .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-423_0d9f8f-f4\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><hr class=\"kt-divider\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_6b91c3-54, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_6b91c3-54[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_6b91c3-54\"]{text-align:left;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_6b91c3-54 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_6b91c3-54[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_6b91c3-54\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_6b91c3-54 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_6b91c3-54[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_6b91c3-54\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h1 class=\"kt-adv-heading423_6b91c3-54 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_6b91c3-54\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">EEHV infection poses a significant threat to juvenile elephants and presents a formidable challenge to global elephant conservation efforts. Despite considerable research, several gaps in EEHV knowledge persist, including understanding its pathogenesis, identifying risk factors, elucidating transmission dynamics, refining diagnostic methods, advancing vaccine development, and exploring long-term immunity. To address these gaps effectively, collaborative research efforts involving virologists, immunologists, veterinarians, and elephant conservationists are essential. By collectively tackling these uncertainties, researchers can enhance EEHV prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies, ultimately improving the health and welfare of the endangered elephants both in captivity and in the wild.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-423_cb0e48-b5 .kt-block-spacer{height:60px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-423_cb0e48-b5 .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-423_cb0e48-b5\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><hr class=\"kt-divider\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id423_52c8d2-6f > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id423_52c8d2-6f > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id423_52c8d2-6f > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 2 )\/3)))minmax(0, calc(60% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 2 )\/3)))minmax(0, calc(20% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 2 )\/3)));}.kb-row-layout-id423_52c8d2-6f > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id423_52c8d2-6f > .kt-row-column-wrap > div:not(.added-for-specificity){grid-column:initial;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id423_52c8d2-6f > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 2fr) minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id423_52c8d2-6f > .kt-row-column-wrap > div:not(.added-for-specificity){grid-column:initial;}.kb-row-layout-id423_52c8d2-6f > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id423_52c8d2-6f alignfull wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-3-columns kt-row-layout-center-half kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column423_a0891a-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column423_a0891a-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column423_a0891a-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column423_a0891a-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column423_a0891a-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column423_a0891a-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column423_a0891a-34{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column423_a0891a-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column423_a0891a-34 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column423_a0891a-34\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column423_bce29c-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column423_bce29c-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column423_bce29c-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column423_bce29c-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column423_bce29c-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column423_bce29c-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column423_bce29c-ee{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column423_bce29c-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column423_bce29c-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column423_bce29c-ee\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-row-layout-id423_3b2208-69 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id423_3b2208-69 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id423_3b2208-69 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id423_3b2208-69{background-color:rgba(45,135,120,0.1);}.kb-row-layout-id423_3b2208-69 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id423_3b2208-69 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id423_3b2208-69 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id423_3b2208-69 alignnone kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column423_4ece4c-5d > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column423_4ece4c-5d > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column423_4ece4c-5d > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column423_4ece4c-5d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column423_4ece4c-5d > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column423_4ece4c-5d > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column423_4ece4c-5d{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column423_4ece4c-5d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column423_4ece4c-5d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column423_4ece4c-5d\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_cec47a-e0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_cec47a-e0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_cec47a-e0\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_cec47a-e0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_cec47a-e0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_cec47a-e0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_cec47a-e0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_cec47a-e0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_cec47a-e0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading423_cec47a-e0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_cec47a-e0\">The specific laboratory facilities in Thailand that specialize in EEHV (Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus) diagnosis<\/h4>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_ad3445-00, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_ad3445-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_ad3445-00\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_ad3445-00 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_ad3445-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_ad3445-00\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_ad3445-00 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_ad3445-00[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_ad3445-00\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading423_ad3445-00 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_ad3445-00\"><strong>Central Region<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals (MoZWE), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University (PCR and ELISA for research project)&nbsp;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tel. 02 441 5242-4 Ext. 1201, 1202.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Email: <a href=\"mailto:mozwe.muvs@gmail.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">mozwe.muvs@gmail.com<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Facebook page:&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MoZWE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MoZWE<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kamphaeng Saen Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University&nbsp;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tel 034-352078, 08-1986-8018&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Email: <a href=\"mailto:kuvetdiag@ku.th\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">kuvetdiag@ku.th<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_6e79c4-b0, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_6e79c4-b0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_6e79c4-b0\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_6e79c4-b0 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_6e79c4-b0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_6e79c4-b0\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_6e79c4-b0 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_6e79c4-b0[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_6e79c4-b0\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading423_6e79c4-b0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_6e79c4-b0\"><strong>Northern Region<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tel. 053-948041-42, 094-636-2641&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Email: vet_diag@cmu.ac.th&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Website: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vet.cmu.ac.th\/DiagnosticCenter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.vet.cmu.ac.th\/DiagnosticCenter\/<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Line ID: vet_diag<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elephant Hospital, The Thai Elephant Conservation Center (TECC), Lampang Province\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tel. 054-829331<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Email: elephant_hospital@hotmail.com<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Facebook page: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/elephanthospital.TECC\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/elephanthospital.TECC\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Veterinary Research and Development Center, Lower Northern Region, Phitsanulok&nbsp; Province, Department of Livestock Development\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tel. 055-312069<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Website: <a href=\"https:\/\/vrd-sn.dld.go.th\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/vrd-sn.dld.go.th\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Facebook page: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/fanpagevrdsn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/fanpagevrdsn<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Veterinary Research and Development Center, Upper Northern Region, Lampang Province, Department of Livestock Development\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tel. 054-830178-9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Website: <a href=\"https:\/\/vrd-np.dld.go.th\/webnew\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/vrd-np.dld.go.th\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Facebook page: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vrdc.unr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vrdc.unr<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_6c0547-d7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_6c0547-d7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_6c0547-d7\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_6c0547-d7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_6c0547-d7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_6c0547-d7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_6c0547-d7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_6c0547-d7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_6c0547-d7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading423_6c0547-d7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_6c0547-d7\"><strong>Eastern Region&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Veterinary Research and Development Center, Eastern Region, Chon Buri Province, Department of Livestock Development&nbsp;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tel. 038-742116-9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Website: <a href=\"https:\/\/vrd-ep.dld.go.th\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/vrd-ep.dld.go.th\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Facebook page: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vrd.ep\/?locale=th_TH\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vrd.ep\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Animal Conservation and Research Institute (at Khao Kheow Open Zoo, Chon Buri Province), The Zoological Park Organization of Thailand&nbsp;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tel. 02-1634955<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Email: <a href=\"mailto:zpothailand@gmail.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">zpothailand@gmail.com<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Website: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/elephanthospital.TECC\/\">https:\/\/<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/l.facebook.com\/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zoothailand.org%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR1AjJIWz95srV7HlNmsDB-N9SwjLv28L5kuSGdnIwKhHg3DT-0Lwf1Z2vE&amp;h=AT1gKWAfyg2KdFfnPuJ5WZdho36sRb6jVIJTILXhx8xq5Q7SP4nVSOKELlWLE58kYhCnPpWDM5YVTmNQK24YSn6dk1UI1k7poxlAgftWV-qpvCUF7bbnJiNOx3Dk4oBo5OwBrbNH\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">zoothailand.org<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Facebook page: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ACRIZPOT\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ACRIZPOT\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Northeastern Region<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Veterinary Research and Development Center, Lower North Eastern Region, Surin Province, Department of Livestock Development&nbsp;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tel. 044-518526<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Website: <a href=\"http:\/\/vrd-se.dld.go.th\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/vrd-se.dld.go.th\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Veterinary Research and Development Center, Upper North Eastern Region, Khon Kaen Province, Department of Livestock Development&nbsp;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tel. 086-4311539<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Website:&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/vrd-ne.dld.go.th\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/vrd-ne.dld.go.th<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Facebook page: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vrd.ne\/?locale=th_TH\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vrd.ne\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elephant Kingdom Project of Surin Province, The Zoological Park Organization of Thailand&nbsp;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tel. 044-558501<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Facebook page: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ZPOTSurinElephantHospital\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ZPOTSurinElephantHospital<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Western Region&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Veterinary Research and Development Center, Western Region, Ratchaburi Province, Department of Livestock Development&nbsp;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tel. 086-4311539<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Website:&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/vrd-wp.dld.go.th\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/vrd-wp.dld.go.th\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Facebook page: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vrd.ratchaburi\/?locale=th_TH\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vrd.ratchaburi\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Southern Region<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Veterinary Research and Development Center, Upper Southern Region, Nakhon Sri Thammarat Province, Department of Livestock Development&nbsp;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tel. 086-4311539<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Website:&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/vrd-sp.dld.go.th\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/vrd-sp.dld.go.th\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Facebook page: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vrdsp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vrdsp\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Veterinary Research and Development Center, Lower Southern Region, Songkhla Province, Department of Livestock Development&nbsp;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tel. 086-4311539<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Website:&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/l.facebook.com\/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fvrd-sk.dld.go.th%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR1g2kDxoyjAebit8tH9RxOdq7xfmXSuW5zpC-rswKmgXBPxzo7isJhUxbc&amp;h=AT1RcJM3-zbASD3nDknuQZkEbCI0_Zx0UxlLltaSnUxPfIdnMU7796uDK1HftdwEG-6BhzFk9iVbAsUOL-FcPIl08NxcR8F2e_aZNOqbL5Z7nqx_b2NY-31Y_JBwRx0FHpVJplk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/vrd-sk.dld.go.th<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Facebook page: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vrd.songkhla\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vrd.songkhla<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Veterinary Hospital, Southern Thailand Elephant Foundation, Phang Nga Province\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Website: <a href=\"https:\/\/stefthailand.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/stefthailand.org\/<\/a> , <a href=\"https:\/\/stefthailand.org\/\">https:\/\/<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/l.facebook.com\/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fsouthernthailandelephants.org%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR1l_GBPFmSEr8T509xtiyxAwWAIH9bGhAgtCeTa31fe5IGWgOqYI5-0tKE&amp;h=AT1OjO11mjVTAiwW8wcZZAKydOkSfckB_T8zbyZL6K5jRz8mMXpiu_LIYzpio1NupYAyp-qdDfxjRmGw8UxT1ZJTVL3WsIIyakLvwLtCn24YB_Mj2L8yQ1g0yx0a5LYkXBJ7Zj9Z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">southernthailandelephants.org<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Facebook page: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/southernthailandelephants\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/southernthailandelephants\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column423_bad02a-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column423_bad02a-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column423_bad02a-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column423_bad02a-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column423_bad02a-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column423_bad02a-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column423_bad02a-73{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column423_bad02a-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column423_bad02a-73 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column423_bad02a-73\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-423_8222a2-9e .kt-block-spacer{height:60px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-423_8222a2-9e .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-423_8222a2-9e\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><hr class=\"kt-divider\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_9ab04b-71, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_9ab04b-71[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_9ab04b-71\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_9ab04b-71 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_9ab04b-71[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_9ab04b-71\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_9ab04b-71 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading423_9ab04b-71[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_9ab04b-71\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading423_9ab04b-71 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading423_9ab04b-71\">References<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>EEHV Task Force Thailand<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus. n.d. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.woah.org\/app\/uploads\/2021\/03\/elephant-endotheliotropic-herpesviruses-eehvinfection-with.pdf\">https:\/\/www.woah.org\/app\/uploads\/2021\/03\/elephant-endotheliotropic-herpesviruses-eehvinfection-with.pdf<\/a> (accessed March 7, 2024).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpes Virus 1 | Elephant Medicine. Elephant Medicine n.d. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elephantmedicine.info\/eehv-hd\">https:\/\/www.elephantmedicine.info\/eehv-hd<\/a> (accessed March 7, 2024).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Guntawang T, Sittisak T, Kochagul V, Srivorakul S, Photichai K, Boonsri K, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-92393-8\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-92393-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pathogenesis of hemorrhagic disease caused by elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) in Asian elephants (<em>Elephas maximus<\/em>)<\/a>. Sci Rep. 2021;11:12998.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Long SY, Latimer EM, Hayward GS. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26912715\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26912715\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Review of Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesviruses and Acute Hemorrhagic Disease.<\/a> ILAR J. 2016;56:283\u201396.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prompiram P, Wiriyarat W, Bhusri B, Paungpin W, Jairak W, Sripiboon S, et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7994120\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7994120\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The occurrence of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus infection in wild and captive Asian elephants in Thailand: Investigation based on viral DNA and host antibody<\/a>. Vet World. 2021;14:545\u201350.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sharma K K, Mahato G, Das A K, Zachariah A . Karikalan M, Mathur V, Saini M, <a href=\"https:\/\/cza.nic.in\/uploads\/documents\/publications\/english\/2021_SOP-EEHV_02June.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) to deal with Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpes Virus &#8211; Haemorrhagic Disease<\/a>. Central Zoo Authority. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India, 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sripiboon S, Tankaew P, Lungka G, Thitaram C. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23505709\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23505709\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The occurrence of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus in captive Asian elephants (<em>Elephas maximus<\/em>): first case of EEHV4 in Asia<\/a>. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2013;44:100\u20134.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) is a fatal virus affecting juvenile elephants, with no vaccine available but diagnosable via PCR. Collaborative research efforts are imperative for conservation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":435,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[22],"tags":[37,39],"class_list":["post-423","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-factsheets-en","tag-eehv","tag-elephant"],"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Lesion-EEHV-Cr.Benjatham-Thaitham-6.jpg?fit=1108%2C1477&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/423","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=423"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/423\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":471,"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/423\/revisions\/471"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/435"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=423"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=423"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vs.mahidol.ac.th\/thailand-nwhc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}